CQRS (Komut ve Sorgu Sorumluluğu Ayrımı)

CQRS, yazma (Komut) ve okuma (Sorgu) işlemlerini ayrı modellerde yönetme desenidir. Bu bölümde Spring Boot ile CQRS'in detaylı uygulamasını inceleyeceğiz.

Hızlı Karar

Durum	CQRS Kullan	Dikkat
Okuma ve yazma modeli belirgin farklı	Evet	İki modelin senkronizasyonu gerekir
Yüksek okuma trafiği, karmaşık sorgular	Evet	Projection gecikmesi kullanıcıya anlatılmalı
Basit CRUD ekranı	Hayır	Ek handler/model bakım borcu olur
Audit ve event geçmişi önemli	Event Sourcing ile birlikte değerlendir	Operasyon karmaşıklığı artar

Üretim Kontrol Listesi

Problem: Ayrı okuma/yazma modeli gerçek bir karmaşıklığı azaltıyor mu?
Çözüm: Command validation, query model güncelleme, projection rebuild ve idempotency net mi?
Trade-off: Okuma ve yazma bağımsız optimize edilir; eventual consistency ve çift model maliyeti eklenir.
Hata durumu: Projection lag, duplicate command, failed handler ve read model drift senaryoları ele alınmalı.
Ölçüm: Command latency, query latency, projection lag, handler error rate ve rebuild süresi izlenmeli.
Güvenlik/maliyet: Read model hassas veriyi çoğaltabilir; ekstra storage ve worker maliyeti planlanmalı.

CQRS Mimarisi

Genel Mimari Diyagramı

Komut ve Sorgu Akış Diyagramı

Olay Tabanlı Okuma Modeli Güncelleme Diyagramı

Temel Mimari Bileşenler

CQRS Yapılandırması:

java

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(
    basePackages = "com.example.command.repository",
    entityManagerFactoryRef = "commandEntityManagerFactory",
    transactionManagerRef = "commandTransactionManager"
)
@EnableSecondaryJpaRepositories(
    basePackages = "com.example.query.repository",
    entityManagerFactoryRef = "queryEntityManagerFactory",
    transactionManagerRef = "queryTransactionManager"
)
public class CqrsConfiguration {
    
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "commandDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.command")
    public DataSource commandDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }
    
    @Bean(name = "queryDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.query")
    public DataSource queryDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }
    
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "commandEntityManagerFactory")
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean commandEntityManagerFactory(
            EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder,
            @Qualifier("commandDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        
        return builder
            .dataSource(dataSource)
            .packages("com.example.command.entity")
            .persistenceUnit("command")
            .properties(jpaProperties())
            .build();
    }
    
    @Bean(name = "queryEntityManagerFactory")
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean queryEntityManagerFactory(
            EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder,
            @Qualifier("queryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        
        return builder
            .dataSource(dataSource)
            .packages("com.example.query.entity")
            .persistenceUnit("query")
            .properties(jpaProperties())
            .build();
    }
    
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "commandTransactionManager")
    public PlatformTransactionManager commandTransactionManager(
            @Qualifier("commandEntityManagerFactory") 
            EntityManagerFactory commandEntityManagerFactory) {
        return new JpaTransactionManager(commandEntityManagerFactory);
    }
    
    @Bean(name = "queryTransactionManager")
    public PlatformTransactionManager queryTransactionManager(
            @Qualifier("queryEntityManagerFactory") 
            EntityManagerFactory queryEntityManagerFactory) {
        return new JpaTransactionManager(queryEntityManagerFactory);
    }
    
    private Map<String, Object> jpaProperties() {
        Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
        properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
        properties.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect");
        properties.put("hibernate.show_sql", false);
        properties.put("hibernate.format_sql", true);
        return properties;
    }
}

Komut ve Sorgu Arayüzleri

java

// Komut arayüzü
public interface Command {
    String getCommandId();
    Instant getTimestamp();
}

// Sorgu arayüzü
public interface Query<T> {
    String getQueryId();
    Class<T> getResponseType();
}

// Komut Yöneticisi arayüzü
public interface CommandHandler<T extends Command> {
    void handle(T command);
}

// Sorgu Yöneticisi arayüzü
public interface QueryHandler<Q extends Query<R>, R> {
    R handle(Q query);
}

Komut Tarafı Uygulaması

Komut Modeli

java

// Sipariş Komutları
public class CreateOrderCommand implements Command {
    private final String commandId;
    private final Instant timestamp;
    private final String customerId;
    private final List<OrderItem> items;
    private final String shippingAddress;
    
    public CreateOrderCommand(String customerId, List<OrderItem> items, String shippingAddress) {
        this.commandId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        this.timestamp = Instant.now();
        this.customerId = customerId;
        this.items = items;
        this.shippingAddress = shippingAddress;
    }
    
    // Getter'lar
}

public class ConfirmOrderCommand implements Command {
    private final String commandId;
    private final Instant timestamp;
    private final String orderId;
    
    public ConfirmOrderCommand(String orderId) {
        this.commandId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        this.timestamp = Instant.now();
        this.orderId = orderId;
    }
    
    // Getter'lar
}

public class CancelOrderCommand implements Command {
    private final String commandId;
    private final Instant timestamp;
    private final String orderId;
    private final String reason;
    
    public CancelOrderCommand(String orderId, String reason) {
        this.commandId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        this.timestamp = Instant.now();
        this.orderId = orderId;
        this.reason = reason;
    }
    
    // Getter'lar
}

Komut Varlıkları (Yazma Modeli)

java

@Entity
@Table(name = "orders")
public class OrderEntity {
    
    @Id
    private String orderId;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String customerId;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private BigDecimal totalAmount;
    
    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
    private OrderStatus status;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String shippingAddress;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Instant createdAt;
    
    private Instant confirmedAt;
    private Instant cancelledAt;
    private String cancellationReason;
    
    @Version
    private Long version;
    
    // Yapıcılar, getter'lar, setter'lar
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "order_items")
public class OrderItemEntity {
    
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String orderId;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String productId;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String productName;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private BigDecimal unitPrice;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Integer quantity;
    
    // Yapıcılar, getter'lar, setter'lar
}

Komut Yöneticileri (Command Handlers)

java

@Component
@Transactional("commandTransactionManager")
@Slf4j
public class OrderCommandHandler implements 
    CommandHandler<CreateOrderCommand>,
    CommandHandler<ConfirmOrderCommand>,
    CommandHandler<CancelOrderCommand> {
    
    private final OrderCommandRepository orderRepository;
    private final OrderItemCommandRepository orderItemRepository;
    private final ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher;
    private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;
    
    public OrderCommandHandler(OrderCommandRepository orderRepository,
                             OrderItemCommandRepository orderItemRepository,
                             ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher,
                             MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {
        this.orderRepository = orderRepository;
        this.orderItemRepository = orderItemRepository;
        this.eventPublisher = eventPublisher;
        this.meterRegistry = meterRegistry;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void handle(CreateOrderCommand command) {
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        
        try {
            // Komutu doğrula
            validateCreateOrderCommand(command);
            
            // Toplam tutarı hesapla
            BigDecimal totalAmount = command.getItems().stream()
                .map(item -> item.getUnitPrice().multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(item.getQuantity())))
                .reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add);
            
            // Sipariş varlığını oluştur
            OrderEntity order = new OrderEntity();
            order.setOrderId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            order.setCustomerId(command.getCustomerId());
            order.setTotalAmount(totalAmount);
            order.setStatus(OrderStatus.PENDING);
            order.setShippingAddress(command.getShippingAddress());
            order.setCreatedAt(command.getTimestamp());
            
            orderRepository.save(order);
            
            // Sipariş kalemlerini oluştur
            List<OrderItemEntity> orderItems = command.getItems().stream()
                .map(item -> {
                    OrderItemEntity orderItem = new OrderItemEntity();
                    orderItem.setOrderId(order.getOrderId());
                    orderItem.setProductId(item.getProductId());
                    orderItem.setProductName(item.getProductName());
                    orderItem.setUnitPrice(item.getUnitPrice());
                    orderItem.setQuantity(item.getQuantity());
                    return orderItem;
                })
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
            
            orderItemRepository.saveAll(orderItems);
            
            // Alan olayını yayınla
            OrderCreatedEvent event = new OrderCreatedEvent(
                order.getOrderId(),
                command.getCustomerId(),
                totalAmount,
                command.getItems()
            );
            eventPublisher.publishEvent(event);
            
            meterRegistry.counter("command.order_created").increment();
            log.info("Sipariş başarıyla oluşturuldu: {}", order.getOrderId());
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("command.order_creation_failed").increment();
            log.error("Sipariş oluşturulurken hata oluştu", e);
            throw new CommandHandlingException("Sipariş oluşturulurken hata oluştu", e);
        } finally {
            sample.stop(Timer.builder("command.create_order_duration")
                .register(meterRegistry));
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public void handle(ConfirmOrderCommand command) {
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        
        try {
            Optional<OrderEntity> optionalOrder = orderRepository.findById(command.getOrderId());
            
            if (optionalOrder.isEmpty()) {
                throw new OrderNotFoundException("Sipariş bulunamadı: " + command.getOrderId());
            }
            
            OrderEntity order = optionalOrder.get();
            
            if (order.getStatus() != OrderStatus.PENDING) {
                throw new InvalidOrderStateException(
                    "Sipariş mevcut durumda onaylanamaz: " + order.getStatus());
            }
            
            order.setStatus(OrderStatus.CONFIRMED);
            order.setConfirmedAt(command.getTimestamp());
            
            orderRepository.save(order);
            
            // Alan olayını yayınla
            OrderConfirmedEvent event = new OrderConfirmedEvent(
                order.getOrderId(),
                command.getTimestamp()
            );
            eventPublisher.publishEvent(event);
            
            meterRegistry.counter("command.order_confirmed").increment();
            log.info("Sipariş başarıyla onaylandı: {}", order.getOrderId());
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("command.order_confirmation_failed").increment();
            log.error("Sipariş onaylanırken hata oluştu: {}", command.getOrderId(), e);
            throw new CommandHandlingException("Sipariş onaylanırken hata oluştu", e);
        } finally {
            sample.stop(Timer.builder("command.confirm_order_duration")
                .register(meterRegistry));
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public void handle(CancelOrderCommand command) {
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        
        try {
            Optional<OrderEntity> optionalOrder = orderRepository.findById(command.getOrderId());
            
            if (optionalOrder.isEmpty()) {
                throw new OrderNotFoundException("Sipariş bulunamadı: " + command.getOrderId());
            }
            
            OrderEntity order = optionalOrder.get();
            
            if (order.getStatus() == OrderStatus.CANCELLED || 
                order.getStatus() == OrderStatus.DELIVERED) {
                throw new InvalidOrderStateException(
                    "Sipariş mevcut durumda iptal edilemez: " + order.getStatus());
            }
            
            order.setStatus(OrderStatus.CANCELLED);
            order.setCancelledAt(command.getTimestamp());
            order.setCancellationReason(command.getReason());
            
            orderRepository.save(order);
            
            // Alan olayını yayınla
            OrderCancelledEvent event = new OrderCancelledEvent(
                order.getOrderId(),
                command.getReason(),
                command.getTimestamp()
            );
            eventPublisher.publishEvent(event);
            
            meterRegistry.counter("command.order_cancelled").increment();
            log.info("Sipariş başarıyla iptal edildi: {}", order.getOrderId());
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("command.order_cancellation_failed").increment();
            log.error("Sipariş iptal edilirken hata oluştu: {}", command.getOrderId(), e);
            throw new CommandHandlingException("Sipariş iptal edilirken hata oluştu", e);
        } finally {
            sample.stop(Timer.builder("command.cancel_order_duration")
                .register(meterRegistry));
        }
    }
    
    private void validateCreateOrderCommand(CreateOrderCommand command) {
        if (command.getCustomerId() == null || command.getCustomerId().trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new InvalidCommandException("Müşteri ID'si gereklidir");
        }
        
        if (command.getItems() == null || command.getItems().isEmpty()) {
            throw new InvalidCommandException("Sipariş kalemleri gereklidir");
        }
        
        if (command.getShippingAddress() == null || command.getShippingAddress().trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new InvalidCommandException("Gönderim adresi gereklidir");
        }
        
        // Ek iş kuralları doğrulamaları
        for (OrderItem item : command.getItems()) {
            if (item.getQuantity() <= 0) {
                throw new InvalidCommandException("Kalem miktarı sıfırdan büyük olmalıdır");
            }
            if (item.getUnitPrice().compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) <= 0) {
                throw new InvalidCommandException("Kalem fiyatı sıfırdan büyük olmalıdır");
            }
        }
    }
}

Sorgu Tarafı Uygulaması

Sorgu Modeli

java

// Sipariş Sorguları
public class GetOrderByIdQuery implements Query<OrderDto> {
    private final String queryId;
    private final String orderId;
    
    public GetOrderByIdQuery(String orderId) {
        this.queryId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        this.orderId = orderId;
    }
    
    @Override
    public Class<OrderDto> getResponseType() {
        return OrderDto.class;
    }
    
    // Getter'lar
}

public class GetOrdersByCustomerQuery implements Query<List<OrderSummaryDto>> {
    private final String queryId;
    private final String customerId;
    private final int page;
    private final int size;
    
    public GetOrdersByCustomerQuery(String customerId, int page, int size) {
        this.queryId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        this.customerId = customerId;
        this.page = page;
        this.size = size;
    }
    
    @Override
    public Class<List<OrderSummaryDto>> getResponseType() {
        return (Class<List<OrderSummaryDto>>) (Class<?>) List.class;
    }
    
    // Getter'lar
}

public class GetOrderStatisticsQuery implements Query<OrderStatisticsDto> {
    private final String queryId;
    private final Instant startDate;
    private final Instant endDate;
    
    public GetOrderStatisticsQuery(Instant startDate, Instant endDate) {
        this.queryId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        this.startDate = startDate;
        this.endDate = endDate;
    }
    
    @Override
    public Class<OrderStatisticsDto> getResponseType() {
        return OrderStatisticsDto.class;
    }
    
    // Getter'lar
}

Sorgu Varlıkları (Okuma Modeli)

java

@Entity
@Table(name = "order_read_model")
public class OrderReadModelEntity {
    
    @Id
    private String orderId;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String customerId;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String customerName;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String customerEmail;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private BigDecimal totalAmount;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String status;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String shippingAddress;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Instant createdAt;
    
    private Instant confirmedAt;
    private Instant cancelledAt;
    private String cancellationReason;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Integer itemCount;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Instant lastUpdated;
    
    // Yapıcılar, getter'lar, setter'lar
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "order_item_read_model")
public class OrderItemReadModelEntity {
    
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String orderId;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String productId;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String productName;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String productCategory;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private BigDecimal unitPrice;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Integer quantity;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private BigDecimal totalPrice;
    
    // Yapıcılar, getter'lar, setter'lar
}

Sorgu Yöneticileri (Query Handlers)

java

@Component
@Transactional(value = "queryTransactionManager", readOnly = true)
@Slf4j
public class OrderQueryHandler implements 
    QueryHandler<GetOrderByIdQuery, OrderDto>,
    QueryHandler<GetOrdersByCustomerQuery, List<OrderSummaryDto>>,
    QueryHandler<GetOrderStatisticsQuery, OrderStatisticsDto> {
    
    private final OrderQueryRepository orderQueryRepository;
    private final OrderItemQueryRepository orderItemQueryRepository;
    private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;
    
    public OrderQueryHandler(OrderQueryRepository orderQueryRepository,
                           OrderItemQueryRepository orderItemQueryRepository,
                           MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {
        this.orderQueryRepository = orderQueryRepository;
        this.orderItemQueryRepository = orderItemQueryRepository;
        this.meterRegistry = meterRegistry;
    }
    
    @Override
    public OrderDto handle(GetOrderByIdQuery query) {
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        
        try {
            Optional<OrderReadModelEntity> optionalOrder = 
                orderQueryRepository.findById(query.getOrderId());
            
            if (optionalOrder.isEmpty()) {
                throw new OrderNotFoundException("Sipariş bulunamadı: " + query.getOrderId());
            }
            
            OrderReadModelEntity order = optionalOrder.get();
            List<OrderItemReadModelEntity> items = 
                orderItemQueryRepository.findByOrderId(query.getOrderId());
            
            OrderDto dto = mapToOrderDto(order, items);
            
            meterRegistry.counter("query.get_order_by_id").increment();
            log.debug("Sipariş alındı: {}", query.getOrderId());
            
            return dto;
            
        } finally {
            sample.stop(Timer.builder("query.get_order_by_id_duration")
                .register(meterRegistry));
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public List<OrderSummaryDto> handle(GetOrdersByCustomerQuery query) {
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        
        try {
            Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(query.getPage(), query.getSize());
            Page<OrderReadModelEntity> orders = 
                orderQueryRepository.findByCustomerId(query.getCustomerId(), pageable);
            
            List<OrderSummaryDto> summaries = orders.getContent().stream()
                .map(this::mapToOrderSummaryDto)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
            
            meterRegistry.counter("query.get_orders_by_customer").increment();
            log.debug("Müşteri için {} sipariş alındı: {}", 
                summaries.size(), query.getCustomerId());
            
            return summaries;
            
        } finally {
            sample.stop(Timer.builder("query.get_orders_by_customer_duration")
                .register(meterRegistry));
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public OrderStatisticsDto handle(GetOrderStatisticsQuery query) {
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        
        try {
            OrderStatisticsProjection stats = orderQueryRepository
                .getOrderStatistics(query.getStartDate(), query.getEndDate());
            
            OrderStatisticsDto dto = new OrderStatisticsDto();
            dto.setTotalOrders(stats.getTotalOrders());
            dto.setTotalRevenue(stats.getTotalRevenue());
            dto.setAverageOrderValue(stats.getAverageOrderValue());
            dto.setConfirmedOrders(stats.getConfirmedOrders());
            dto.setCancelledOrders(stats.getCancelledOrders());
            dto.setPendingOrders(stats.getPendingOrders());
            
            meterRegistry.counter("query.get_order_statistics").increment();
            log.debug("Sipariş istatistikleri alındı, dönem: {} - {}", 
                query.getStartDate(), query.getEndDate());
            
            return dto;
            
        } finally {
            sample.stop(Timer.builder("query.get_order_statistics_duration")
                .register(meterRegistry));
        }
    }
    
    private OrderDto mapToOrderDto(OrderReadModelEntity order, 
                                  List<OrderItemReadModelEntity> items) {
        OrderDto dto = new OrderDto();
        dto.setOrderId(order.getOrderId());
        dto.setCustomerId(order.getCustomerId());
        dto.setCustomerName(order.getCustomerName());
        dto.setCustomerEmail(order.getCustomerEmail());
        dto.setTotalAmount(order.getTotalAmount());
        dto.setStatus(order.getStatus());
        dto.setShippingAddress(order.getShippingAddress());
        dto.setCreatedAt(order.getCreatedAt());
        dto.setConfirmedAt(order.getConfirmedAt());
        dto.setCancelledAt(order.getCancelledAt());
        dto.setCancellationReason(order.getCancellationReason());
        
        List<OrderItemDto> itemDtos = items.stream()
            .map(this::mapToOrderItemDto)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
        dto.setItems(itemDtos);
        
        return dto;
    }
    
    private OrderItemDto mapToOrderItemDto(OrderItemReadModelEntity item) {
        OrderItemDto dto = new OrderItemDto();
        dto.setProductId(item.getProductId());
        dto.setProductName(item.getProductName());
        dto.setProductCategory(item.getProductCategory());
        dto.setUnitPrice(item.getUnitPrice());
        dto.setQuantity(item.getQuantity());
        dto.setTotalPrice(item.getTotalPrice());
        return dto;
    }
    
    private OrderSummaryDto mapToOrderSummaryDto(OrderReadModelEntity order) {
        OrderSummaryDto dto = new OrderSummaryDto();
        dto.setOrderId(order.getOrderId());
        dto.setTotalAmount(order.getTotalAmount());
        dto.setStatus(order.getStatus());
        dto.setCreatedAt(order.getCreatedAt());
        dto.setItemCount(order.getItemCount());
        return dto;
    }
}

Olay Tabanlı CQRS

Okuma Modeli Güncellemeleri için Olay Yöneticileri

java

@Component
@Slf4j
public class OrderReadModelUpdater {
    
    private final OrderQueryRepository orderQueryRepository;
    private final OrderItemQueryRepository orderItemQueryRepository;
    private final CustomerService customerService;
    private final ProductService productService;
    private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;
    
    public OrderReadModelUpdater(OrderQueryRepository orderQueryRepository,
                               OrderItemQueryRepository orderItemQueryRepository,
                               CustomerService customerService,
                               ProductService productService,
                               MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {
        this.orderQueryRepository = orderQueryRepository;
        this.orderItemQueryRepository = orderItemQueryRepository;
        this.customerService = customerService;
        this.productService = productService;
        this.meterRegistry = meterRegistry;
    }
    
    @EventListener
    @Async
    @Transactional("queryTransactionManager")
    public void handleOrderCreated(OrderCreatedEvent event) {
        try {
            // Müşteri bilgilerini al
            CustomerDto customer = customerService.getCustomer(event.getCustomerId());
            
            // Sipariş okuma modelini oluştur
            OrderReadModelEntity orderReadModel = new OrderReadModelEntity();
            orderReadModel.setOrderId(event.getAggregateId());
            orderReadModel.setCustomerId(event.getCustomerId());
            orderReadModel.setCustomerName(customer.getName());
            orderReadModel.setCustomerEmail(customer.getEmail());
            orderReadModel.setTotalAmount(event.getTotalAmount());
            orderReadModel.setStatus("PENDING");
            orderReadModel.setShippingAddress(event.getShippingAddress());
            orderReadModel.setCreatedAt(event.getTimestamp());
            orderReadModel.setItemCount(event.getItems().size());
            orderReadModel.setLastUpdated(Instant.now());
            
            orderQueryRepository.save(orderReadModel);
            
            // Sipariş kalemleri okuma modellerini oluştur
            List<OrderItemReadModelEntity> itemReadModels = event.getItems().stream()
                .map(item -> {
                    ProductDto product = productService.getProduct(item.getProductId());
                    
                    OrderItemReadModelEntity itemReadModel = new OrderItemReadModelEntity();
                    itemReadModel.setOrderId(event.getAggregateId());
                    itemReadModel.setProductId(item.getProductId());
                    itemReadModel.setProductName(item.getProductName());
                    itemReadModel.setProductCategory(product.getCategory());
                    itemReadModel.setUnitPrice(item.getUnitPrice());
                    itemReadModel.setQuantity(item.getQuantity());
                    itemReadModel.setTotalPrice(
                        item.getUnitPrice().multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(item.getQuantity())));
                    
                    return itemReadModel;
                })
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
            
            orderItemQueryRepository.saveAll(itemReadModels);
            
            meterRegistry.counter("read_model.order_created").increment();
            log.info("Okuma modeli güncellendi, sipariş oluşturuldu: {}", event.getAggregateId());
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("read_model.update_errors",
                "event_type", "OrderCreatedEvent").increment();
            log.error("OrderCreatedEvent için okuma modeli güncellenirken hata oluştu", e);
        }
    }
    
    @EventListener
    @Async
    @Transactional("queryTransactionManager")
    public void handleOrderConfirmed(OrderConfirmedEvent event) {
        try {
            Optional<OrderReadModelEntity> optionalOrder = 
                orderQueryRepository.findById(event.getAggregateId());
            
            if (optionalOrder.isPresent()) {
                OrderReadModelEntity order = optionalOrder.get();
                order.setStatus("CONFIRMED");
                order.setConfirmedAt(event.getConfirmedAt());
                order.setLastUpdated(Instant.now());
                
                orderQueryRepository.save(order);
                
                meterRegistry.counter("read_model.order_confirmed").increment();
                log.info("Okuma modeli güncellendi, sipariş onaylandı: {}", event.getAggregateId());
            } else {
                log.warn("Onay için okuma modelinde sipariş bulunamadı: {}", event.getAggregateId());
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("read_model.update_errors",
                "event_type", "OrderConfirmedEvent").increment();
            log.error("OrderConfirmedEvent için okuma modeli güncellenirken hata oluştu", e);
        }
    }
    
    @EventListener
    @Async
    @Transactional("queryTransactionManager")
    public void handleOrderCancelled(OrderCancelledEvent event) {
        try {
            Optional<OrderReadModelEntity> optionalOrder = 
                orderQueryRepository.findById(event.getAggregateId());
            
            if (optionalOrder.isPresent()) {
                OrderReadModelEntity order = optionalOrder.get();
                order.setStatus("CANCELLED");
                order.setCancelledAt(event.getTimestamp());
                order.setCancellationReason(event.getReason());
                order.setLastUpdated(Instant.now());
                
                orderQueryRepository.save(order);
                
                meterRegistry.counter("read_model.order_cancelled").increment();
                log.info("Okuma modeli güncellendi, sipariş iptal edildi: {}", event.getAggregateId());
            } else {
                log.warn("İptal için okuma modelinde sipariş bulunamadı: {}", event.getAggregateId());
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("read_model.update_errors",
                "event_type", "OrderCancelledEvent").increment();
            log.error("OrderCancelledEvent için okuma modeli güncellenirken hata oluştu", e);
        }
    }
}

Komut ve Sorgu Bus

java

@Component
public class CommandBus {
    
    private final Map<Class<? extends Command>, CommandHandler<? extends Command>> handlers = new HashMap<>();
    private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;
    
    public CommandBus(List<CommandHandler<? extends Command>> commandHandlers,
                     MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {
        this.meterRegistry = meterRegistry;
        registerHandlers(commandHandlers);
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <T extends Command> void dispatch(T command) {
        CommandHandler<T> handler = (CommandHandler<T>) handlers.get(command.getClass());
        
        if (handler == null) {
            throw new CommandHandlerNotFoundException(
                "Komut için hiçbir yöneticisi bulunamadı: " + command.getClass().getSimpleName());
        }
        
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        
        try {
            log.info("Komut gönderiliyor: {} ID'si ile", 
                command.getClass().getSimpleName(), command.getCommandId());
            
            handler.handle(command);
            
            meterRegistry.counter("command_bus.dispatched",
                "command_type", command.getClass().getSimpleName()).increment();
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("command_bus.dispatch_errors",
                "command_type", command.getClass().getSimpleName()).increment();
            log.error("Komut gönderilirken hata oluştu: {}", command.getClass().getSimpleName(), e);
            throw e;
        } finally {
            sample.stop(Timer.builder("command_bus.dispatch_duration")
                .tag("command_type", command.getClass().getSimpleName())
                .register(meterRegistry));
        }
    }
    
    private void registerHandlers(List<CommandHandler<? extends Command>> commandHandlers) {
        for (CommandHandler<? extends Command> handler : commandHandlers) {
            Type[] genericInterfaces = handler.getClass().getGenericInterfaces();
            for (Type genericInterface : genericInterfaces) {
                if (genericInterface instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                    ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericInterface;
                    if (CommandHandler.class.equals(parameterizedType.getRawType())) {
                        Type commandType = parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
                        handlers.put((Class<? extends Command>) commandType, handler);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

@Component
public class QueryBus {
    
    private final Map<Class<? extends Query<?>>, QueryHandler<? extends Query<?>, ?>> handlers = new HashMap<>();
    private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;
    
    public QueryBus(List<QueryHandler<? extends Query<?>, ?>> queryHandlers,
                   MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {
        this.meterRegistry = meterRegistry;
        registerHandlers(queryHandlers);
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <Q extends Query<R>, R> R dispatch(Q query) {
        QueryHandler<Q, R> handler = (QueryHandler<Q, R>) handlers.get(query.getClass());
        
        if (handler == null) {
            throw new QueryHandlerNotFoundException(
                "Sorgu için hiçbir yöneticisi bulunamadı: " + query.getClass().getSimpleName());
        }
        
        Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
        
        try {
            log.debug("Sorgu gönderiliyor: {} ID'si ile", 
                query.getClass().getSimpleName(), query.getQueryId());
            
            R result = handler.handle(query);
            
            meterRegistry.counter("query_bus.dispatched",
                "query_type", query.getClass().getSimpleName()).increment();
            
            return result;
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("query_bus.dispatch_errors",
                "query_type", query.getClass().getSimpleName()).increment();
            log.error("Sorgu gönderilirken hata oluştu: {}", query.getClass().getSimpleName(), e);
            throw e;
        } finally {
            sample.stop(Timer.builder("query_bus.dispatch_duration")
                .tag("query_type", query.getClass().getSimpleName())
                .register(meterRegistry));
        }
    }
    
    private void registerHandlers(List<QueryHandler<? extends Query<?>, ?>> queryHandlers) {
        for (QueryHandler<? extends Query<?>, ?> handler : queryHandlers) {
            Type[] genericInterfaces = handler.getClass().getGenericInterfaces();
            for (Type genericInterface : genericInterfaces) {
                if (genericInterface instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                    ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericInterface;
                    if (QueryHandler.class.equals(parameterizedType.getRawType())) {
                        Type queryType = parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
                        handlers.put((Class<? extends Query<?>>) queryType, handler);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

CQRS ile REST Controller

java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/orders")
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    
    private final CommandBus commandBus;
    private final QueryBus queryBus;
    
    public OrderController(CommandBus commandBus, QueryBus queryBus) {
        this.commandBus = commandBus;
        this.queryBus = queryBus;
    }
    
    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Void> createOrder(@RequestBody @Valid CreateOrderRequest request) {
        CreateOrderCommand command = new CreateOrderCommand(
            request.getCustomerId(),
            request.getItems(),
            request.getShippingAddress()
        );
        
        commandBus.dispatch(command);
        
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.ACCEPTED).build();
    }
    
    @PutMapping("/{orderId}/confirm")
    public ResponseEntity<Void> confirmOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
        ConfirmOrderCommand command = new ConfirmOrderCommand(orderId);
        commandBus.dispatch(command);
        return ResponseEntity.ok().build();
    }
    
    @PutMapping("/{orderId}/cancel")
    public ResponseEntity<Void> cancelOrder(@PathVariable String orderId,
                                          @RequestBody @Valid CancelOrderRequest request) {
        CancelOrderCommand command = new CancelOrderCommand(orderId, request.getReason());
        commandBus.dispatch(command);
        return ResponseEntity.ok().build();
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/{orderId}")
    public ResponseEntity<OrderDto> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
        GetOrderByIdQuery query = new GetOrderByIdQuery(orderId);
        OrderDto order = queryBus.dispatch(query);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(order);
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/customer/{customerId}")
    public ResponseEntity<List<OrderSummaryDto>> getOrdersByCustomer(
            @PathVariable String customerId,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size) {
        
        GetOrdersByCustomerQuery query = new GetOrdersByCustomerQuery(customerId, page, size);
        List<OrderSummaryDto> orders = queryBus.dispatch(query);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(orders);
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/statistics")
    public ResponseEntity<OrderStatisticsDto> getOrderStatistics(
            @RequestParam @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE_TIME) Instant startDate,
            @RequestParam @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE_TIME) Instant endDate) {
        
        GetOrderStatisticsQuery query = new GetOrderStatisticsQuery(startDate, endDate);
        OrderStatisticsDto statistics = queryBus.dispatch(query);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(statistics);
    }
}

Bu kapsamlı CQRS uygulaması, Spring Boot ekosisteminde yazma ve okuma işlemlerinin ayrı optimizasyonuna olanak tanıyarak yüksek performans ve ölçeklenebilirlik sağlamaktadır.

CQRS (Komut ve Sorgu Sorumluluğu Ayrımı) ​

Hızlı Karar ​

Üretim Kontrol Listesi ​

CQRS Mimarisi ​

Genel Mimari Diyagramı ​

Komut ve Sorgu Akış Diyagramı ​

Olay Tabanlı Okuma Modeli Güncelleme Diyagramı ​

Temel Mimari Bileşenler ​

Komut ve Sorgu Arayüzleri ​

Komut Tarafı Uygulaması ​

Komut Modeli ​

Komut Varlıkları (Yazma Modeli) ​

Komut Yöneticileri (Command Handlers) ​

Sorgu Tarafı Uygulaması ​

Sorgu Modeli ​

Sorgu Varlıkları (Okuma Modeli) ​

Sorgu Yöneticileri (Query Handlers) ​

Olay Tabanlı CQRS ​

Okuma Modeli Güncellemeleri için Olay Yöneticileri ​

Komut ve Sorgu Bus ​

CQRS ile REST Controller ​

CQRS (Komut ve Sorgu Sorumluluğu Ayrımı)

Hızlı Karar

Üretim Kontrol Listesi

CQRS Mimarisi

Genel Mimari Diyagramı

Komut ve Sorgu Akış Diyagramı

Olay Tabanlı Okuma Modeli Güncelleme Diyagramı

Temel Mimari Bileşenler

Komut ve Sorgu Arayüzleri

Komut Tarafı Uygulaması

Komut Modeli

Komut Varlıkları (Yazma Modeli)

Komut Yöneticileri (Command Handlers)

Sorgu Tarafı Uygulaması

Sorgu Modeli

Sorgu Varlıkları (Okuma Modeli)

Sorgu Yöneticileri (Query Handlers)

Olay Tabanlı CQRS

Okuma Modeli Güncellemeleri için Olay Yöneticileri

Komut ve Sorgu Bus

CQRS ile REST Controller